URBAN SPACES WITH FOUNTAINS: GRAPHIC MODELS AND TECHNIQUES OF THE ARCHITECTURAL AND PLANNING ARRANGEMENT

Abstract

The article highlights the problem of loss of skills and knowledge by modern creators of settlements to combine the parameters of urban spaces with effective models of fountains, which are justified both aesthetically and economically, perform scenarios due to the urban planning situation aimed at improving the space. Based on the methods of modeling the functioning of an object in space and time, the author singles out the techniques of the architectural and planning organization of urban spaces with fountains (point, corner, п-shaped, atrium, linear, peripheral). Having synthesized graphic and technical languages, models of urban spaces with fountains were proposed, which reflected: the shape of the space in the plan (round, square, rectangular, linear, linear - one-sided, linear - two-sided, multi-tiered); building characteristics (density, number of storeys, location in the plan relative to the central axis); vegetation characteristics (shape, height, placement in the plan relative to the central axis); scenarios of processes within space (movement of main and additional flows); the shape of the fountain in plan: perception of the composition of the structure in the vertical plane of space (tier of perception), perception of the composition of the structure in the horizontal plane of space (shape in the plan); the role of the fountain in the scenario of space in the presence of wind and in its absence; reception of the architectural and planning organization of the space with a fountain. Implementation of the scenarios suggested by the models: adapts urban spaces to the constant variability of external requirements; will cause positive reactions from consumers, emotional and / or psychological feelings, the need to share the received impressions with other residents; will increase the flow of tourist resources. The use of the proposed graphic models and techniques for the architectural and planning organization of urban spaces with fountains will ensure the restoration of the ecology in the settlements of the country and the sustainable development of urban spaces with fountains in time.

Key words: fountains, urban spaces, methods of organization, graphic models, restoration of ecology, ensuring sustainable development.