THE PROBLEM OF EVACUATION FROM HIGH-RISE BUILDINGS AS A PROBLEM OF OPTIMIZING THE PARTITIONING OF PEOPLE ON ELEMENTS OF NETWORK AND ON MOBILE MEANS OF EVACUATION

Abstract

The development of mankind at the present stage is determined by the level of development of science and technology, the ability to effectively solve new problems. Modern scientific approaches to solving problems in almost all areas are based on advances in modeling and computer technology.

One of the problems today is the safety of life of people in high-rise buildings, in which business centers, supermarkets with warehouses of various products, parking lots, offices, living quarters, etc. are located. To ensure the safety of people, scientifically based plans for the evacuation of people by evacuation are formed, including stairs, elevators, corridors on floors, stationary life-saving appliances for individual or collective use. Therefore, the urgent task of distributing the flows of people over the network, including stairs, corridors, elevators, emergency evacuation means, as well as their redistribution in real time in an emergency after disabling elevators, blocking staircases or corridors (in other words, obtaining a set of possible scenarios of movement for each segment time).

A meaningful formulation of the problem of dividing a set of people and their assignment to elements of a network consisting of a set of corridors, stairs, elevators, emergency evacuation means from the point of view of minimizing the time of evacuation from a building is formulated. It is shown that the problem of optimizing the choice of routes and means for evacuation for evacuating people from high-rise buildings has a discrete-continuous structure of a large dimension. The solution of the problem is presented in the form of two stages: discrete - by  optimization on a discrete set, which is represented by a decision tree and by modeling the movement of heterogeneous flows of people through the network that make up corridors, stairs, elevator paths and emergency evacuation means. As an example, the time for the complete evacuation of people from a section of a building using corridors, elevators, and stairs has been optimized. Comparison of the obtained results with the results of other researchers is carried out, the relative error does not exceed 0.07.

Key words: high-rise buildings, evacuation, simulation, heterogeneous flows of people, decision tree, optimization, partitioning.