Philosophy of inclusion: problems, theory and practice

Abstract

The article examines the current problems of inclusion defined through ecosystems at the theoretical level. Different levels of ecosystems ensure that inclusive challenges are addressed. The historical and contemporary development of the philosophy of inclusion is studied, analyzing the problems, theory and practice in this field. The authors trace the evolution of the inclusive approach from its inception to the present, emphasizing the importance of social justice and equality in education. Research methods include qualitative literature analysis, comparative analysis of international experience, and description of experimental research. The results show that inclusion contributes to social integration and the reduction of discrimination, although there are challenges such as shortcomings in countries' cultural policies. Addressing cultural issues plays an important role in the development of inclusive education, influencing policy, practice and theory, highlighting the importance of their contributions.