Modern approaches to the diagnosis of speech disorders in preschool children

Abstract

The article analyzes modern approaches to the diagnosis of speech disorders in preschool
children, emphasizing their role in ensuring early detection of problems and developing
effective correctional strategies. Multidisciplinary, neuropsychological, psychological
pedagogical, medical-pedagogical, and technological approaches are explored, integrating
methods for assessing speech, cognitive, emotional, and physiological aspects of
development. Special attention is given to the use of playful techniques, digital tools such as
voice analysis programs, and art-therapeutic methods that enhance diagnostic accuracy and
children's motivation. The role of collaboration with parents and an inclusive approach in
ensuring social adaptation of children with speech disorders is highlighted. The importance
of early diagnosis in preventing complications in learning and socialization is outlined, along
with prospects for implementing innovative technologies like sand therapy and laughter
therapy in the diagnostic process. The necessity of individualized strategies for the effective
development of speech competencies in preschoolers is emphasized. In the context of
increasing incidence of speech disorders due to genetic, social, and environmental factors,
these approaches provide a comprehensive framework for timely intervention.
Multidisciplinary integration allows using a holistic view of the child's development,
incorporating assessments of articulation, phonemic perception, vocabulary, and coherent
speech. Neuropsychological methods focus on brain functions underlying speech, using
tasks to evaluate motor coordination and attention. Psychological-pedagogical diagnostics
observe spontaneous speech in play and group interactions, employing standardized tests
for grammar and semantics. Technological innovations, including voice analysis apps
adapted into games, offer objective data on rhythm, intonation, and clarity. Medical
pedagogical evaluations address physiological causes like hearing impairments or
anatomical defects via audiometry and electromyography. Inclusive diagnostics in
educational settings use adapted visual aids to assess communication in natural
environments. Early screening with quick tests identifies risks during high neuroplasticity
periods. Factors influencing disorders, such as family history and perinatal issues, are
considered through parent interviews. Correctional methods based on diagnostics include
logorhythmic exercises, breathing techniques, visual materials, art therapy, laughter therapy,
and fairy tale therapy to boost motivation and skills. Parental involvement ensures continuity
via home activities. Overall, these integrated approaches not only detect but also correct
speech issues, promoting harmonious cognitive, social, and communicative growth,
preparing children for school success and reducing long-term barriers in socialization and
academic achievement.