VARIANTAL MODELING OF EVACUATION OF PEOPLE FROM ALTITUDE BUILDINGS IN THE EVENT OF AN EMERGENCY SITUATION

Abstract

Fires, explosions and other emergency situations (ES) pose a special danger to high-rise buildings due to the peculiarities of their structural and planning decisions, purpose, construction and further evacuation. The nature of the fire and explosion hazard of high-rise buildings is determined by: the presence of conditions conducive to the occurrence of a fire; the possibility of a mass stay of people in the building; the height of the building, which exceeds the ability to use to save people mechanical stairs available in the garrisons of the fire department; the intensity of the spread of fire, smoke, toxic substances through the premises, corridors, stairwells, elevator shafts and technical communications during a fire in a high-rise building; blocking elevators and failure of elevator control; the possibility of progressive destruction of the building during an emergency.

Thus, the main reason for the tragic consequences of emergencies in high-rise buildings is the blocking of evacuation paths with combustion products and fire, so there is a need to simulate the movement of people through a network of corridors, stairs, using elevators and using self-rescue tools and with their rational choice in emergencies.

The article formulates the problem of evacuation from high-rise buildings, as the task of minimizing the time of evacuation of people through a network consisting of corridors, stairs, elevators, as well as the paths of emergency evacuation means in case of emergencies at a time і while maximizing the probability of their salvation at each q the second in the time interval under the conditions of their non-intersection during movement, the conditions of their stay on the paths of movement and a number of technological limitations, among which we can distinguish conditions for the flow density not to exceed permissible, maneuverability and comfort of people during their movement, etc.

The stated problem is NP-complex. It is shown that the task of optimizing the choice of ways and means for evacuation from tall buildings has a discrete-continuous structure of large dimension, therefore, its solution has two stages: discrete - optimization on a discrete set, which is presented in the decision tree and continuous - modeling the movement of heterogeneous flows of people on the network, the components of which are corridors, stairs, elevator and emergency evacuation routes.

Keywords: high-rise buildings, evacuation, modeling, decision tree, variantal modeling