Neurophysiological disorders and psychogenic factors of stuttering in children under war-related stress: speech therapy intervention aspects

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the neurophysiological and psychogenic mechanisms underlying the development of stuttering in children who have experienced warrelated trauma. Drawing on contemporary neuropsychological, speech-language, and psychophysiological research, the paper examines how extreme stress, exposure to life-threatening situations, violence, occupation, and other forms of war trauma affect the functioning of brain systems responsible for speech-motor organization. The study highlights that hyperactivation of the amygdala, dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, disturbances in the HPA axis, and reduced sensorimotor integration lead to impairments in speech planning, tempo-rhythmic coordination, and initiation of verbal expression. Special attention is given to secondary neurotic manifestations – speech blocks, communication avoidance, and emotional-motor “freezing” – commonly observed in children with PTSD and heightened anxiety. The article substantiates the necessity of an interdisciplinary approach to addressing trauma-induced stuttering, involving the coordinated work of a speech-language therapist, psychologist, psychotherapist, and neurologist. Key directions of speechlanguage intervention are described, including normalization of speech breathing, restoration of tempo-rhythmic speech organization, reduction of articulatory muscle tension, use of gentle voice onset techniques, and choral speaking strategies. The psychological component focuses on stabilizing the emotional state, reducing hyperactivation of the nervous system, and processing traumatic experiences using evidence-based methods such as trauma-focused CBT. The study concludes that comprehensive, well-coordinated support is essential for restoring speech fluency and emotional stability in affected children. Such an approach not only helps overcome speech difficulties but also strengthens overall psychological resilience, which is particularly important in the context of prolonged or repeated war-related stress.

Key words: stuttering; fluency disorders; war trauma; children; neurophysiology; speech-language therapy.