Neurophysiological disorders and psychogenic factors of stuttering in children under war-related stress: speech therapy intervention aspects

Abstract

The article presents a comprehensive analysis of the
neurophysiological and psychogenic mechanisms underlying the
development of stuttering in children who have experienced war
related trauma. Drawing on contemporary neuropsychological,
speech-language, and psychophysiological research, the paper
examines how extreme stress, exposure to life-threatening
situations, violence, occupation, and other forms of war trauma
affect the functioning of brain systems responsible for speech-motor
organization. The study highlights that hyperactivation of the
amygdala, dysfunction of the prefrontal cortex, disturbances in the
HPA axis, and reduced sensorimotor integration lead to
impairments in speech planning, tempo-rhythmic coordination, and
initiation of verbal expression. Special attention is given to
secondary neurotic manifestations – speech blocks, communication
avoidance, and emotional-motor “freezing” – commonly observed in
children with PTSD and heightened anxiety.
The article substantiates the necessity of an interdisciplinary
approach to addressing trauma-induced stuttering, involving the
coordinated work of a speech-language therapist, psychologist,
psychotherapist, and neurologist. Key directions of speech
language intervention are described, including normalization of
speech breathing, restoration of tempo-rhythmic speech
organization, reduction of articulatory muscle tension, use of gentle
voice onset techniques, and choral speaking strategies. The
psychological component focuses on stabilizing the emotional state,
reducing hyperactivation of the nervous system, and processing
traumatic experiences using evidence-based methods such as
trauma-focused CBT.
The study concludes that comprehensive, well-coordinated support
is essential for restoring speech fluency and emotional stability in
affected children. Such an approach not only helps overcome
speech difficulties but also strengthens overall psychological
resilience, which is particularly important in the context of prolonged
or repeated war-related stress.