OPTIMIZATION OF LOCATION OF PHOTOELECTRIC MODULES ON STRUCTURES OF ENERGY EFFICIENT BUILDINGS

Abstract

During the reconstruction (thermal modernization) of existing and design of new energy efficient buildings, the task is to increase the efficiency of solar systems (collectors and photovoltaic modules). They can provide the building with hot water, heating and electricity. The analysis showed that improving the efficiency of solar systems is also possible by optimizing the spatial orientation of solar panels, which can be combined with the enclosing structures of buildings, and located separately.

If it is impossible to change the orientation of the building there is a problem of optimizing the orientation of solar panels due to their appropriate location on the edges of the building, which can be done using polar models of the dependence of solar radiation Q_сркі = const and for the photovoltaic module - Е_і = f(A_б) for ω = const). To determine the optimal location of helio receivers on enclosing structures, the Gelioopt application package was developed.

Plane polar models of heat input from solar radiation depending on the azimuthal orientation Q_ксрі = f(A_б) at ω = const (angle of inclination 0, 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, 90°) have been developed. In the center of the model is an area for the location of drawings of the building (floor plan or roof plan).

Types of geometric models of solar radiation inflow on the surface of solar receivers and photovoltaic modules, energy inflow models due to the conversion of solar radiation into thermal or electrical energy have been developed. The method and graphical method of solving problems on the optimal location of solar panels on their faces of buildings are proposed. Combining the drawings of the building with the geometric model of the receipt of solar radiation on the solar receiver, the normals to the face of the building are drawn and the amount of solar energy to the face of the solar receiver is determined.

Using drawings of energy-efficient buildings, floor plan and roof plan, it is possible to determine the level of converted (thermal) energy at the location of solar panels on its faces. In this case, solar panels can be located on the slopes of the roof of the building and walls, model Q_ксрі = f(A_б)  at ω = const.

Keywords: energy efficient buildings, solar receiver, geometric model, solar radiation, photovoltaic modules, graphic method, polar model, thermal modernization, architectural design.